Villavicencio Around the World

(An  updated version of this page can be viewed at: http://www.villavicencio-name.com/conquistadores.htm

As I was researching on the internet for the origins of the name Villavicencio, I was  surprised to discover that I share the same surname with more than a thousand people  belonging to different nationalities across the globe. My curiosity on who these people  are led to new revelations which further stimulated my interest in the historical  background of our surname. I share this information to enable my relatives and  namesakes to learn about their kinship even in the absence of a biological link  between  many of us. 

The Historical Background.

The original users of the name Villavicencio descended from the noble family  of Miguel Fernandez, Lord of Villavicencio during the time of Lord VIII  Alonso(Alfonso), King of Leon and Castille. The knights of his lineage battled the Moors and defeated the powerful Almohad Dynasty in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212. They were part of the  Reconquista (Spain re-conquering the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims) that expelled the Muslim authority from Portugal in 1249. The Knights of the Banda Villavicencio also won against the last Muslim stronghold in Granada in 1492 and as a result, Granada was incorporated into the unified Spain under the Catholic Monarchy of Queen Isabella I of Castille and King Ferdinand II of  Aragon.

During the reign of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, the monarchy sent exploration voyages across the oceans. This was the start of the Age of Exploration which created the Spanish Empire as the largest empire in the history of the world. The exploration to the western hemisphere across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492 under Christopher Columbus lead to the discovery of the Americas and the colonization of the New World. Earlier in 1402, Castille had also colonized the Canary Islands during the time of Henry III.

In the 16th century, Spain had conquered the Caribbean islands, the Aztec and Incan empires. Spain circumnavigated the world into the Far East under the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan which led to the discovery of the Philippines on March 16, 1521 and the colonization of the PhilippinesGuam and other islands. By the 17th century, the Spanish empire included the NetherlandsLuxembourgBelgium and parts of ItalyGermany and France. Spain had also reached the Solomon Islands, New Guinea, Canada, Alaska, Sahara, Morocco and many others locations in Africa, Asia and Oceania.

The reconquistadors became conquistadors. These Spanish conquerors and colonizers included the descendants of the Villavicencio knights who joined the naval expeditions as ship captains and sailors while others were assigned higher administrative responsibilities in the newly colonized territories.

As trade across the Atlantic between Spain and the New World became very profitable, a new trade route across the Pacific was established. This gave birth to the Manila-Acapuldo Galleon Trade which lasted for 250 years. Products traded from East Asia sailed on the galleons from Manila and was brought to Acapulco. From there the cargo was transported by land to Vera Cruz, loaded again on ships en route to Spain and then traded in Europe.

With the numerous territories under the Spanish Empire, the monarchy designated a “viceroy” to run the affairs of its “viceroyalty” (colonies or territories). The viceroyalty includes the following:

●Viceroyalty of New Spain which governed from its capital based in Mexico CityMexico was also the capital of the Aztec Empire before it was conquered by Spain in 1321. The territories that were included here were parts of North America, most of the United States lying west of the Mississippi River and southern Canada namely: CaliforniaNevadaNew MexicoTexasLouisianaFloridaVancouver. It included all of Mexico – Baja CaliforniaBaja California Sur, Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico, Coahuila.

The Viceroyalty of New Spain also included Central America – Nueva Extremadura (Chile) but excluding Panama; the Spanish East Indies – Philippines, Guam, Caroline Islands, Taiwan, Sabah and parts of the Moluccas or Spice Islands (Indonesia); the Spanish West Indies – Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Trinidad, Bay Islands (Honduras). The ViceRoyalty of the East Indies was governed by the viceroyal in Manila.

●Viceroyalty of Peru was established in 1542 and governed most of the South American territories except Venezuela from the capital based in LimaPeruPeru was once the Inca Empire. The territories that were included here were PeruChileColombiaPanamaEcuadorBoliviaParaguayUruguayArgentina. This Viceroyalty was later abolished.

●Viceroyalty of New Granada was established in 1717 and governed from the capital based in Bogotá. The territories included were ColombiaEcuadorPanamaVenezuelaGuyana, parts of northwestern BrazilNorthern PeruCosta Rica and Nicaragua.

●Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata was created in 1776 with Buenos Aires as the capital and included territories near the Rio de la Plata basin namely: ArgentinaBoliviaParaguayUruguay.

There are also other Viceroyalties in the European colonies, Africa as well as in New France (Canada).

As a consequence of the exploration and occupation of the new territories, the Spanish conquistadors  migrated and settled in the new colonies. Thus, one would encounter the surname Villavicencio existing in many of the former Spanish territories mentioned above especially in Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Cuba, New Orleans, the Philippines as well as in Spain. The descendants of the original Villavicencio traveled to the New Spain and the other new territories as colonizers, sometimes inter-marrying with the natives and producing offsprings in their new native land. From Mexico, the galleons brought new settlers across the world as far as the Philippines

First Villavicencio in the Philippines

(An update version of this page can be viewed at http://www.villavicencio-name.com/villavicencio-in-philippines.htm )

The earliest known record of the surname "Villavicencio" in the Philippines can be viewed in the "Portal de Archivos Espanoles" of the Ministry of Culture of Spain located in Madrid. This is found in two Spanish documents both entitled "Orden de pagar lo que se le debe a Diego de Villavicencio" (English Translation is Order to pay what is owed to Diego de Villavicencio”) and created on Aug 21, 1623 and Oct 11, 1634 in Madrid.

Both were Royal Decrees addressed to the officials of the Royal Treasurer of Mexico ordering them to pay the salary of a certain “Diego de Villavicencio” for his services as pilot of the ship and for the time he served for the trip he made to the Philippines in 1613 in order to relieve General Arnada Ruy Gonzalez Sequeira who had in his command 5 caravelles or ships. 

The catalog numbers of these documents are:  no.12492 and no.15634 and the Reference Codes are: ES.41091.AGI/16403.14.343//Philippines,340,L.3,F.343R-345R and ES.41091.AGI/16403.14.343//Philippines,340,L,3,F.481R-482R.

Another document dated Aug 9, 1633 states that Juan de Salazar and Maria Bermudez de Villavicencio were one of the first settlers of the Philippines
Reference Code: ES.41091.AGI/16403.14.42//Philippines,41,n.26.

Several documents mentioned the name of "Captain Diego de Hinojosa Villavicencio" who left the Philippines and went to Spain via a ship from Denmark on November 18, 1648 to report on the status of the Philippines such as the Dutch attacks, earthquakes, lack of ships from New Spain, etc and also on the abuses of Manuel Estacio Venegas, a Sergeant Major in Manila.
Reference Code: ES.41091.AGI/16403.14.44//Philippines,43,No.8

A Captain Pedro de Vera Villavicencio was mentioned as having moved to China from the Philippines together with Dominican Friar Victorio Riccio who founded a church in Hyamuang sometime in 1656.

A certain Juan de Villavicencio served in acting capacity as "Castellano de Santiago de Manila" until June 4, 1675 which was vacated by Lorenzo de Orellana y Ugalde on account of his death. 

An Antonio Nunez de Villavicencio was working for the Royal Treasury of the Philippines in 1730.

There are some more names bearing "Villavicencio" as a surname in the archives pertaining to the Philippines. It will take some time and effort to go through the numerous documents and translate them from Spanish to English.

It should be noted that a certain Jose Antonio Nunez de Villavicencio died on July 12, 1742 and after his death, his name was documented as Jose Villavicencio.

I had always thought that the Villavicencio's were all originally from Taal, Batangas in the Philippines although I have heard of some people with the same surname existing in Nueva Ecija and Bacolod. I discovered recently on FamilySearch.org that there are people with such surname who resided in the following places: Malolos and San Rafael, Bulacan, Cavite City, Iloilo, Marinduque, Negros, Nueva Ecija, Tondo, Malabon and many others aside from those who domiciled in Taal and it's neighboring towns of Calaca and Lemery. 

FamilySearch.org belongs to the Church of the Latter Day Saints or the Mormon Church. They have started to digitize baptismal, birth, death and marriage records of the inhabitants of the Philippines based on church and civil records dating back to 1642 until 1994. Most of the original records were written in transcript and the data that was entered into their database was based on the interpretation of the data entry personnel. Names and surnames were misspelled as entered into the database causing redundancy in the data and false identity. One would appreciate the value of utilizing their database rather than having to travel to the different towns and cities around the country in order to gather these data from the individual municipal offices and parish churches. 


References:
Translated from (Portal de Archivos Espanoles) http://pares.mcu.es/        

Meaning and Origin of Surname Villavicencio

(An update version of this page can be viewed at http://www.villavicencio-name.com )


Vi-lla-vi-cen-cio is pronounced as:

[bee-yah-vee-sen-syaw] 
/ˌbiviˈsɛnsyɔ/ is the International Phonetic Alphabet  (IPA) pronunciation.
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2011, on Dictionary.com.

Another pronunciation version is:
(vēlyävēsān'syō)
Based on The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2007, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

"Villavicencio" was derived from the words “Villa” and “Vicencio”. “Villa” is the Latin word for a country house, a country estate/manor, farm or village while “Vicencio” came from the Spanish personal name “Vincencio” whose Latin word is “Vincentius”. The word Vincentius” was derived from the word vincens” whose genitive is vincentis” and the present participle of “vincere” which means “to conquer”. Vincentius” means "conquering" and was used as a personal name describing the person's victory or his characteristics. 
                   
The surname "Villavicencio" originated from Spain from the place-name "Villavicencio de los Caballeros", a place in the Valladolid province of north-central Spain. The surname was derived from the name of the place where the original bearer resided. 

Villavicencio de los Caballeros in Valladolid, Spain
The earliest record of the use of the name Villavicencio was with Miguel FernandezLord of Villavicencio. In his book "Nobiliario de los Reinos y Señorios de Espana",(2nd edition) page 302,  and written in 1857, Francisco Piferrer describes Miguel Fernandez as a vassal of Lord VIII Alonso, King of Leon and Castille and a "rico-hombre" meaning a magnate (wealthy, powerful and influential). He was given many privileges in 1198 and rewarded with vast lands by the king.  Villavicencio de los Caballeros was a village of conquerors where knights and their families settled. Miguel was the progenitor of the knights of this lineage.

The son of Miguel Fernandez was Garcia Fernandez Rasura, owner of the Villavicencio Manor in Castille. (Note: the Spanish form of surname contains both the first surname which is the father’s surname and followed by the second surname, the maternal surname). He served the king at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 as squadron leader where he fought against the Moors with great courage. Heavily wounded, he chanced upon the king and fell on his feet. The king held on to his harness and his royal hands became bloody. Thus, he ordered the addition of five bleeding fingers on their coat of arms which was blue stripes on gold in memory of the valour of Garcia. It became the coat of arms of the Knights of the Lords of the Banda Villavicencio which was instituted in Burgos by King Alonso(Alfonso) VIII in earlier years. He became known as Garcia Fernandez Rasura de Villavicencio

The son and successor of Garcia was Miguel Fernandez de Villavicencio. With King Ferdinand III, they reconquered Andalucia from the Moors in 1264 including Jerez de la Frontera. Having lost his father's Villavicencio Manor in Castille because of political problems, he settled his family in Jerez de la Frontera where he was also rewarded with land. His descendants had continually been running the affairs of the place since then.  His son Gonzalo Nuñez de Villavicencio became the regidor of Jerez de la Frontera.

References:
Translated from:
"Nobiliario de los Reinos y Señorios de Espana", 2nd edition, 1857 by Francisco Piferer

Gliceria Marella de Villavicencio - Godmother of the Revolutionary Forces

Gliceria Marella de Villavicencio
May 13, 1852 - September 28, 1929
Oil Painting by LUNA

History should learn to record the grandeurs of the past
Which should not be destroyed by time but should forever last
Let not the ingratitude of man ignore the heroic deeds
Of men who gave their fortunes and loved ones for our needs.

Many heroes were born and entirely forgotten
Due to lack of appreciation from their close brethren
Some were victims of envy from high society
Some remained unsung as if by destiny.

The life of Marella should then not be left untold
To serve as inspiration to women, young and old.
So for once these articles are being gathered
For our New Society to ponder and to scatter.

                                             Edgardo I. Villavicencio
                                             February 1973

(Edgardo Villavicencio is the grandson of Gliceria Marella)

This is a tribute to Eulalio Villavicencio and his wife, Gliceria Marella de Villavicencio - a heroine of the Philippine Revolution. Dona Gliceria was born to one of the landed and wealthy family of Taal, Batangas. Together with her husband Eulalio Villavicencio, they contributed a great part of their fortune to help the revolutionary forces against Spain. 


In January 1892, four years before the Philippine-Spanish war erupted Eulalio went to Hong Kong and delivered P18,000.00 of the family's personal funds to Dr. Jose Rizal to finance his subversive propaganda movement against Spain. Eulalio brought back propaganda pamphlets and an ivory dagger given by Jose Rizal as a memento to Dona Gliceria. The Spaniards accused Eulalio of being a filibusterer and imprisoned him in the Old Bilibid Prison in Manila when his connections with the revolutionary movement had been confirmed. The Spaniards bargained with Gliceria to reveal the secrets of the Katipunan in exchange for the release of her husband.  She turned them down and replied "I love my husband as few wives can, but I would consider myself un-worthy of carrying his name if I will procure his liberty at the expense of his country's blood." Eulalio was eventually released after a year in prison but died of illness 3 months later due to his incarceration.


Dona Gliceria, also called "Aling Eriang" donated the family ship, the "SS Bulusan" which was purchased in 1893. It was the first warship of the Revolutionary Government. She was a founder of the Batallon Maluya, gave financial and moral support to the revolutionaries and continually provided food, clothing and ammunition to the soldiers. Her house became the secret meeting place of revolutionary leaders including Andres Bonifacio, General Miguel Malvar and General Marasigan. 


  
                                                   
General Emilio Aguinaldo named Gliceria Marella de Villavicencio "Madrina-General de las Fuerzas Revolucionarios" on June 12, 1898  for her patriotism and contributions to the Philippine Revolution. A book entitled "Marella y la Inquietud Romantica de la Revolution" was written about her by Francisco Zaragoza in 1954 and includes a collection of statements by notable Filipinos namely: General Aguinaldo, Senator Claro M. Recto, Dra. Encarnacion Alzona, Dr. Ireneo Encarnacion (Aide de Camp of General Ananias Diokno) and others.

Gliceria Marella descended from Sebastian Marella and spouse Antonia Mangubat.
Born out of the union of Sebastian and Antonia were:
1 - Ramona, the youngest married to Feliciano de Leon
2 - Filomena, the 4th child married to Mariano Mitra
3 - Juan Marella married to Macaria Eugenio
4 - Paula married to Cecilio Noble
5 - Vicente Marella married to Gertrudis Legaspi
      Born out of this union were:
      a - Josefa married to Isabelo Villavicencio, widowed, then married to Agaton Orosa 
           Born out of the union of Josefa and Isabelo were:
           a.i. Jose married Vicenta Villavicencio
           a.ii. Trinidad buried at Lemery cemetery
           a.iii. Manuel Villavicencio married Felisa Atienza
           Born out of the union of Josefa and Agaton Buno Orosa were:
           b.i. Sophia Marella Orosa married Jose Macatangay
           b.ii. Vicente Marella Orosa, Sr. married to a Banaag
           b.iii. Mariano Orosa married Irene Calayag Gonzalez, then Gloria Punzalan
           
      b - Isais Marella
      c - Mariano Marella married to Agueda Encarnacion
      d - Gliceria Marella married to Eulalio Villavicencio
           Born of this union were:
           i. Mariquita married Gregorio Agoncillo
           ii. Vicenta married Captain Jose Villavicencio
           iii. Jose Villavicencio married Micaela Atienza
           iv. Rita married Senator Vicente Ilustre of the First Philippine Senate
           v. Sixto Villavicencio married Delfina Huerto Ilagan
           vi. Dr. Antonio Villavicencio died in New York at a young age of 25 years old.

Sixto Villavicencio had the following offsprings:
1) Ralph Villavicencio married Luchi Villanueva
2) Horacio Villavicencio married Raquel del Castillo
3) Edgar Villavicencio married Titang Fajardo
4) Weweng married Eddie Jacinto 
5) Maring married Paking Erana
6) Ligaya Villavicencio
7) Sincera "Iray" Villavicencio
8) Corazon "Baby" married Nonong Sto. Domingo
9) Sixto "Tito" Villavicencio, Jr. married Teresing Vargas

Captain Jose Villavicencio and Vicenta had the following offsprings:
1) Lilia Villavicencio
2) Montserrat "Monsy" married Geronimo "Jerry" Joven
3) Rodolfo "Popo" Villavicencio married Milagros Rulloda
4) Rosario "Rosie" Villavicencio
5) Dr. Natividad "Naty" Villavicencio

Manuel Villavicencio with Felisa Atienza had the following offsprings:
(Source: Juancho)

1) Irma Villavicencio married Luis "Baby" Martinez
2) Pepita Villavicencio married to Laurencio "Loring" Gueco
3) Capt. Manuel "Uling" Villavicencio, Jr. married to Amparo ??
4) Dr. Celso Villavicencio married to Mary ??
5) Atty. Jose "Pepito" married to Dra. Ofelia "Felita" Jacinto

6) Milagros "Ging" married Dr. Juanito "Johnny" Francisco

Born out of the union of Mariano Orosa and Irene Gonzales were:
1) Milagros "Milagring" Gonzales Orosa married to Jose Cabrera Aliling
2) Lilia Gonzales Orosa
3) Reynaldo Gonzales Orosa married Lourdes Encarnacion Goco, then Melecia Eslera
4) Carolina Gonzales Orosa married Romeo Lucero Sarenas

Born out of the union of Mariano Orosa and Gloria Punzalan were:
1) Cesar Jose Punzalan Orosa married Mary Saldana
2) Danilo Punzalan Orosa married Lydia Ramirez
3) Eden Punzalan Orosa married Robert Vincent Kelemen